Fumigation is a method of pest control or the removal of harmful micro-organisms by completely filling an area with gaseous pesticides-or fumigants-to suffocate or poison the pests within.

Fumigation is used during the processing of goods for import or export to prevent the movement of exotic organisms. Structural fumigation targets pests inside buildings/rooms (usually containers), including pests that inhabit the physical structure itself, such as wood borers and drywood termites to food product containers.

Each fumigation lasts for a specific duration. This is because after spraying the pesticide, or fumigant, only the nearby pests are eradicated.